Wussten Sie, dass die Entdeckung der Laser-Eigenschaften ein Nebenprodukt der Mikrowellen-„Maser“-Forschung war, die 1951 von Charles Towns an der Columbia University durchgeführt wurde?
Im Jahr 1953 stellte Charles Townes ein Gerät vor, an dem er an der Columbia University geforscht hatte und das Ammoniakmoleküle zur Aussendung von Mikrowellenstrahlung anregen sollte. Das Gerät wurde Maser genannt, was für „Microwave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation“ stand. Das Gerät war bahnbrechend, und Townes teilte sich 1964 den Nobelpreis für Physik für seine Arbeit mit Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Prokhorov und Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov, die zur gleichen Zeit in Moskau an demselben Prinzip gearbeitet hatten.
Nachdem die Anwendungen für Masers ihr Limit erreicht hatten, begannen Townes und Gordon Gould (ein Doktorand von Columbia) separate Forschungsprojekte zur Durchführung der gleichen Stimulation für infrarotes oder sichtbares Licht, im Gegensatz zu Mikrowellenstrahlung. Aus ihren Bemühungen wurde der Laser oder „Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation“ geboren.
Die ersten Laser, die aus dieser Forschung hervorgingen, waren Festkörperlaser, die Chromatome in einem Rubinkristall verwendeten, um Licht mit der richtigen Wellenlänge zu fokussieren und zu erzeugen. Spätere Forschung würde Laser aus Gas (meist Helium-Neon), Flüssigkeiten und sogar Halbleitern schaffen.
Die Anwendungen für Laser und ihre gerichtete, geradlinige Energie, sowohl im sichtbaren als auch im infraroten Bereich, sind in den letzten 70 Jahren zahllos geworden. Laser treiben alles an, von Scannern in Lebensmittelgeschäften bis hin zur National Ignition Facility, die 192 Laserstrahlen verwendet, um mehr als 500 Billionen Watt Leistung bei mehr als 180 Grad Fahrenheit zu liefern, um die thermonukleare Fusion zu ermöglichen.
Bei API werden unsere Helium-Neon-Laser eingesetzt, um außerordentlich genaue Messungen über geradlinige Entfernungen von bis zu 80 m zu erfassen. Unsere Radian Laser Tracker und XD Laser sind Benchmark-Beispiele der Laserinterferometrie für Messungen und Kalibrierungen von engsten Toleranzen in der Fertigung in jeder Branche. Erfahren Sie hier mehr über Lasermessungen von API hier.
Quellen:
https://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/physics/laser/differenttypesoflasers.html
https://www.britannica.com/technology/laser
https://lasers.llnl.gov/education/how_lasers_work
https://lasers.llnl.gov/about/what-is-nif
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